55 research outputs found
Tetrakis(μ2-2-methyl-3,5-dinitrobenzoato-κ2 O 1:O 1′)bis[aquacopper(II)] tetrahydrate
Get PDFThe title compound, [Cu2(C8H5N2O6)4(H2O)2]·4H2O, forms a centrosymmetric paddle-wheel-type dimer with an intramolecular Cu⋯Cu distance of 2.6540 (4) Å. The CuII atom is in a square-pyramidal coordination environment formed by four O atoms of four carboxylate groups and one water molecule, which is located in the apical position. The carboxylate groups are twisted relative to the benzene rings by 11.09 (16) and 45.55 (19)°. The nitro groups are not coplanar with the parent aromatic rings [dihedral angles = 16.2 (3)–51.45 (14)°]. O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds between the coordinated water molecules and one of the nitro groups, as well as π–π stacking interactions [centroid–centroid distance = 3.5764 (12) Å] between the benzene rings, assemble the complex molecules into a one-dimensional polymeric structure which is further extended into a three-dimensional polymeric network via O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds involving the water molecules of crystallization
Calpastatin (CAST) gene polymorphism in Kajli, Lohi and Thalli sheep breeds
Get PDFCalpastatin-encoding gene (<i>CAST</i>) is located on the fifth chromosome of sheep and it plays an important role in the development of muscles and in meat tenderness. The present study was conducted to investigate a calpastatin (CAST) gene polymorphism in Pakistani Thalli, Lohi and Kajli sheep breed. Random blood samples were collected from 300 animals (100 samples from each Thalli, Lohi and Kajli breeds). Genomic DNA was extracted using phenol-chloroform extraction method. A 622 bp CAST gene segment (exon 1C/1D region) was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using ovine specific primers. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) in the amplified fragments were studied using Msp1 restriction enzyme. Frequencies of MM, MN and NN genotypes were found to be 77, 20 and 3% in Lohi breed and 68, 26 and 6% in Kajli breed respectively. In Thalli sheep, only the MM (80%) and MN (20%) genotypes were detected. Chi-Square test (p < 0.05) showed that all the three populations used in this study were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. By comparing the results of this study with those of previous studies, it seems that the MM genotype is the dominant genotype and the M allele is the dominant allele in small ruminant breeds belonging to different geographical locations.Key words: Thalli, Lohi, CAST gene, Kajli, polymorphism, Msp1, PCR-RFLP
Octamethylbis(μ2-2-methylbenzoato-κ2 O:O′)bis(2-methylbenzoato-κO)di-μ3-oxido-tetratin(IV)
Get PDFThe title compound, [Sn4(CH3)8(C8H7O2)4O2], is a distannoxane derivative of 2-methylbenzoic acid. The crystal structure is composed of centrosymmetric dimers lying about inversion centres. Both independent Sn atoms adopt distorted trigonal-bipyramidal SnC2O3 coordination geometries with the basal planes consisting of two C-atoms from the methyl groups and a bridging O atom. The Sn—C and Sn—O bond lengths lie in the ranges 2.090 (2)–2.104 (3) and 2.0241 (14)–2.2561 (15) Å, respectively. The central four-membered planar Sn2O2 ring [Sn⋯Sn distance = 3.2993 (2) Å] makes dihedral angles of 5.43 (11) and 59.50 (7)° with the methylphenyl groups, which are themselves oriented at a dihedral angle of 61.38 (8)°. Besides weak C—H⋯O and C—H⋯π interactions, the packing mainly features van der Waals forces between the molecules
catena-Poly[bis(μ3-2-methylbenzoato)disilver(I)]
Get PDFThe crystal structure of the title compound, [Ag2(C8H7O2)2]n, features polymeric chains extending along the a axis, with the two Ag+ cations in a distorted trigonal coordination. The range of Ag—O bond lengths is 2.169 (2)–2.433 (2) Å, whereas the Ag⋯Ag separations are in the range 2.8674 (4)–3.6256 (5) Å. The 2-methylbenzoate groups are oriented at a dihedral angle of 60.7 (1)° with respect to each other
catena-Poly[bis(μ3-2-methyl-3,5-dinitrobenzoato)disilver(I)]
Get PDFIn the title coordination polymer, [Ag2(C8H5N2O6)2]n, the silver ion is coordinated to three O atoms from three different anions in an approximate T-shape with one bond much longer than the other two. The polyhedral connectivity leads to [100] chains containing alternating centrosymmetric four-rings and eight-rings, with a short d
10⋯d
10 Ag⋯Ag interaction [2.8846 (4) Å] across the latter. The nitro groups are oriented at dihedral angles of 21.2 (5) and 64.3 (3)° with respect to the aromatic ring of the ligand. A C—H⋯O interaction occurs in the crystal
A new age of leadership in academia: Need for change and innovation during COVID-19
Get PDF© The Author(s) 2025.The aim of this study is to explore the role of academic leadership and adaptive leadership on organizational readiness for change. During times of pandemic, adaptive leadership has emerged as a vital leadership discipline along with academic leadership due to uncertainty and sensitivity of situation. In addition, demand of innovative behavior has also increased over the years particularly during Covid-19. The study has been carried out in Higher Education Institutions of Pakistan where the data was collected from deans, directors and head of departments in two phases. Quantitative research strategy was opted for the study. Survey research design was followed to respond objectives of the study. The purpose behind the selection of senior academicians is to draw empirical results from the perspective of all the heads of their relevant departments. The data was collected from seven public sector universities across Pakistan. About 251 responses were found valid. Covariance based SEM was used to analyze the data. Analysis reveals a positive and direct relationship between academic and adaptive leadership and organizational readiness for change and similar results were found by placing innovative behavior as a mediator leading to the acceptance of all developed hypotheses. This study is unique in nature and has implications for leaders in academia in terms of unleashing the potential toward uncertain situation in higher education institutions. Study’s major limitation include less representation of the Pakistan as whole country as it included Punjab province only for data collection.Unfunde
Exploring the Preferences of Knowledge & Understanding Needs of Secondary School Students 288
Get PDFAbstract The present study was designed to identify the Preferences of Knowledge & Understanding needs of students of ages of 14 + to 16 + year that may influence curriculum development for classes (IX & X) of the schools located in the district Faisalabad. The data were collected from 10% of students of urban & rural secondary schools. So, the total strength of students of sample of urban secondary schools was 248 and rural secondary school was 198. The total strength of students of the sample was 446. Questionnaires were used as research instruments. Because there was no adequate instrument to measure the importance, existence, availability or non-availability of students needs, a self-Reporting rating scale (SRRS) was developed. This instrument included items constructed on the basis of likert scale. This measure was to ask the respondents to respond to a series of 20 items by indicating their level of satisfaction on a five point scale from "Strongly agree" to strongly agree" to "strongly disagree"
Synchronization of Boron application methods and rates is environmentally friendly approach to improve quality attributes of Mangifera indica L. on sustainable basis
Get PDFMicronutrient deficiency in the soil is one of the major causes of mango fruit and yield's poor quality. Besides, the consumption of such a diet also causes a deficiency of micronutrients in humans. Boron deficiency adversely affects the flowering and pollen tube formation, thus decreasing mango yield and quality attributes. Soil and foliar application of B are considered a productive method to alleviate boron deficiency. A field experiment was conducted to explore the Boron most suitable method and application rate in mango under the current climatic scenario. There were nine treatments applied in three replications. The results showed that application of T8 = RD + Borax (75 g plant -1 as a basal application) + H3 BO3 (0.8% as a foliar spray) and T9 = RD + Borax (150 g plant -1 as a basal application) + H3 BO3 (0.8% as a foliar spray) significantly enhanced the nitrogen, potassium, proteins, ash, fats, fiber, and total soluble solids in mango as compared to the control. A significant decrease in sodium, total phenolics contents, antioxidant activity, and acidity as citric acid also validated the effective functioning of T8 = RD + Borax (75 g plant -1 as a basal application) + H3 BO3 (0.8% as a foliar spray) and T9 = RD + Borax (150 g plant -1 as a basal application) + H3 BO3 (0.8% as a foliar spray) as compared to control. In conclusion, T8 = RD + Borax (75 g plant -1 as a basal application) + H3 BO3 (0.8% as a foliar spray) and T9 = RD + Borax (150 g plant -1 as a basal application) + H3 BO3 (0.8% as a foliar spray) is a potent strategy to improve the quality attributes of mango under the changing climatic situation
Global prevalence and genotype distribution of hepatitis C virus infection in 2015 : A modelling study
Get PDFPublisher Copyright: © 2017 Elsevier LtdBackground The 69th World Health Assembly approved the Global Health Sector Strategy to eliminate hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection by 2030, which can become a reality with the recent launch of direct acting antiviral therapies. Reliable disease burden estimates are required for national strategies. This analysis estimates the global prevalence of viraemic HCV at the end of 2015, an update of—and expansion on—the 2014 analysis, which reported 80 million (95% CI 64–103) viraemic infections in 2013. Methods We developed country-level disease burden models following a systematic review of HCV prevalence (number of studies, n=6754) and genotype (n=11 342) studies published after 2013. A Delphi process was used to gain country expert consensus and validate inputs. Published estimates alone were used for countries where expert panel meetings could not be scheduled. Global prevalence was estimated using regional averages for countries without data. Findings Models were built for 100 countries, 59 of which were approved by country experts, with the remaining 41 estimated using published data alone. The remaining countries had insufficient data to create a model. The global prevalence of viraemic HCV is estimated to be 1·0% (95% uncertainty interval 0·8–1·1) in 2015, corresponding to 71·1 million (62·5–79·4) viraemic infections. Genotypes 1 and 3 were the most common cause of infections (44% and 25%, respectively). Interpretation The global estimate of viraemic infections is lower than previous estimates, largely due to more recent (lower) prevalence estimates in Africa. Additionally, increased mortality due to liver-related causes and an ageing population may have contributed to a reduction in infections. Funding John C Martin Foundation.publishersversionPeer reviewe
Burnout among surgeons before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: an international survey
Get PDFBackground: SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has had many significant impacts within the surgical realm, and surgeons have been obligated to reconsider almost every aspect of daily clinical practice. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study reported in compliance with the CHERRIES guidelines and conducted through an online platform from June 14th to July 15th, 2020. The primary outcome was the burden of burnout during the pandemic indicated by the validated Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure. Results: Nine hundred fifty-four surgeons completed the survey. The median length of practice was 10 years; 78.2% included were male with a median age of 37 years old, 39.5% were consultants, 68.9% were general surgeons, and 55.7% were affiliated with an academic institution. Overall, there was a significant increase in the mean burnout score during the pandemic; longer years of practice and older age were significantly associated with less burnout. There were significant reductions in the median number of outpatient visits, operated cases, on-call hours, emergency visits, and research work, so, 48.2% of respondents felt that the training resources were insufficient. The majority (81.3%) of respondents reported that their hospitals were included in the management of COVID-19, 66.5% felt their roles had been minimized; 41% were asked to assist in non-surgical medical practices, and 37.6% of respondents were included in COVID-19 management. Conclusions: There was a significant burnout among trainees. Almost all aspects of clinical and research activities were affected with a significant reduction in the volume of research, outpatient clinic visits, surgical procedures, on-call hours, and emergency cases hindering the training. Trial registration: The study was registered on clicaltrials.gov "NCT04433286" on 16/06/2020
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