580 research outputs found
Delusion and Madness of the Crowds: Collective Perception in Pakistani Exchange Markets
Get PDFThe current study attempts to examine the associationbetween collective perception and exchange rates in Pakistan. We argue that people search online for information on currency exchange rates,and this online searching activity is transformed into data that could reflect people‟s interest in a given currency.The current study used Google Trends data of seven pairs of currencies to account for the level of interest in these currencies in Pakistan. Pairs of currencies include United Arab Emirates Dirham, Saudi Arabian Riyal, US dollar, Kuwaiti dinar, Qatari riyal, Omani riyal, and Canadian dollar against Pakistani rupees. Currencies are selected based on the highest level of remittances received in these currencies. The study has utilized data from 2010 to 2019 and used vector-autoregressive models forestimations.The results showed a significant impact of the collective perception measured through google trends data on exchange rates in Pakistani exchange markets.The authors analyzed the Google trends search queries for only seven pairs of currencies against the exchange rate in Pakistan. To be safe in the current and future, Investors in foreign and local currency exchange markets can benefit from the findings of this study at large. So, we argue that investors seeking information on exchange rate trends in Pakistan could utilize Google Trends information to forecast the future and make decisions accordingly. Google is widely used globally and hence in Pakistan due to the emerging trends of heavily relying on google searches for so many reasons. More specifically, exchange rates are searched on google, and thus google trends show the trends per click. This study is the first to investigate the google trends search data associated with the exchange rates in Pakistani markets with a broader view of collection perception in Pakistan
DELUSION AND MADNESS OF THE CROWDS: COLLECTIVE PERCEPTION IN PAKISTANI EXCHANGE MARKETS
Get PDFThe current study attempts to examine the associationbetween collective perception and exchange rates in Pakistan. We argue that people search online for information on currency exchange rates,and this online searching activity is transformed into data that could reflect people’s interest in a given currency.The current study used Google Trends data of seven pairs of currencies to account for the level of interest in these currencies in Pakistan. Pairs of currencies include United Arab Emirates Dirham, Saudi Arabian Riyal, US dollar, Kuwaiti dinar, Qatari riyal, Omani riyal, and Canadian dollar against Pakistani rupees. Currencies are selected based on the highest level of remittances received in these currencies. The study has utilized data from 2010 to 2019 and used vector- autoregressive models forestimations.The results showed a significant impact of the collective perception measured through google trends data on exchange rates in Pakistani exchange markets.The authors analyzed the Google trends search queries for only seven pairs of currencies against the exchange rate in Pakistan. To be safe in the current and future, Investors in foreign and local currency exchange markets can benefit from the findings of this study at large. So, we argue that investors seeking information on exchange rate trends in Pakistan could utilize Google Trends information to forecast the future and make decisions accordingly. Google is widely used globally and hence in Pakistan due to the emerging trends of heavily relying on google searches for so many reasons. More specifically, exchange rates are searched on google, and thus google trends show the trends per click. This study is the first to investigate the google trends search data associated with the exchange rates in Pakistani markets with a broader view of collection perception in Pakistan
Determination of Acute Toxicity of Copper and Cobalt for \u3cem\u3eTilapia nilotica\u3c/em\u3e
Get PDFDuring the present investigation, the 96-hr LC50 and lethal concentrations of copper and cobalt for Tilapia nilotica were determined under controlled laboratory conditions at constant pH (7.25), total hardness (255 mgL-1) and temperature (30 °C). During acute toxicity studies, the physico-chemical parameters of water viz. temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, carbon dioxide, total ammonia, calcium, sodium, magnesium, potassium and total hardness were monitored at 12-hr intervals for each test. Fish were exposed to different concentrations of copper and cobalt, separately, starting from zero with an increment of 0.05 and 0.5 mgL-1. After 96-hr exposure of various concentrations of each metal, the fish mortality data were recorded with three replicates for each concentration. The 96-hr LC50 and lethal concentrations for each metal was computed by using Probit analyses method at 95% confidence interval. The 96-hr LC50 and lethal concentrations of copper for Tilapia nilotica were computed as 25.00±0.65 and 47.56±1.18 mg L-1, respectively. However, the tolerance limits of fish for cobalt, in terms of 96-hr LC50 and lethal concentrations were calculated as 96.14±0.58 and 178.46±2.04, respectively. The tolerance limits of fish for both copper and cobalt varied significantly in terms of 96-hr LC50 and lethal concentrations. However, fish were significantly more tolerant to cobalt than that of copper. With the increase in metallic ion concentration of the test media (water), the level of ammonia and carbon dioxide increased, while that of dissolved oxygen decreased constantly. Total ammonia of the test media showed significantly direct relationship with carbon dioxide while the same remained significantly negative with dissolved oxygen indicating decrease in oxygen consumption by the fish under metallic ion stress, at different concentrations of copper and cobalt that enhanced the ammonia excretion by the fish
Density independent hydrodynamics model for crowd coherency detection
Get PDFWe propose density independent hydrodynamics model (DIHM) which is a novel and automatic method for coherency detection in crowded scenes. One of the major advantages of the DIHM is its capability to handle changing density over time. Moreover, the DIHM avoids oversegmentation and thus achieves refined coherency detection. In the proposed DIHM, we first extract a motion flow field from the input video through particle initialization and dense optical flow. The particles of interest are then collected to retain only the most motile and informative particles. To represent each particle, we accumulate the contribution of each particle in a weighted form, based on a kernel function. Next, the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is adopted to detect coherent regions. Finally, the detected coherent regions are refined to remove the effects of oversegmentation. We perform extensive experiments on three benchmark datasets and compare the results with 10 state-of-the-art coherency detection methods. Our results show that DIHM achieves superior coherency detection and outperforms the compared methods in both pixel level and coherent region level average particle error rates (PERs), average coherent number error (CNE) and F-score.acceptedVersion© 2018. This is the authors’ accepted and refereed manuscript to the article. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Risk Factors of Diarrhoea in Malnourished Children Under Age of 5 Years
Get PDFBackground: Acute infectious enteritis remains one of the commonest causes of death among infants and children in developing countries. Acute enteritis is defined as a loss of stool consistency with pasty or liquid stools, and/or an increase in stool frequency to more than three stools in 24 hours with or without fever or vomiting. Human survival depends on the secretion and reabsorption of fluid and electrolytes in the intestinal tract. The objective of the study is to evaluate the risk factors of diarrhoea in children under age of 5 years.
Methodology: It was an observational study. Study was completed in about six months. Non-probability purposive sampling technique was used. In this study, 270 samples were taken from Diarrheal ward of The Children Hospital Lahore, Pakistan.
Results: In this study, out of 270 patients, 58.52% were males and 41.48% were females. 90.37% patients were vaccinated. 54.81% had weaning history. 91.85% patients had feeding history. 29.26% had blood in stool. 96.67% patients were dehydrated. 95.56% patients had loose watery diarrhoea. 62.96% patients used boiled water. 58.52% patients consumed less than half litre of water, 30.00% patients consumed 1 litre of water and 11.48% patients consumed > 1 litre of water. 49.18% patients had proper hygiene. 38.15% mothers of patients were well educated. 40.37% patients had model household condition. 57.41% patients lived in rural area and 42.59% patients lived in urban area.
Conclusion: The variation in the level of diarrheal morbidity was well explained by maternal education, income, personal hygiene, refuse disposal system and the effect of health extension programme
On a variant and extension of Gabler inequality
Get PDFWe propose a Jensen-Mercer type variant and a Niezgoda type extension of Gabler inequality along with applications
The Pakistan-China FTA: legal challenges and solutions for marine environmental protection
Get PDFMarine ecosystems play a vital role in development, human life, and health, thereby promoting sustainable development. However, due to rapid industrialization and urbanization, as well as intense exploitation of marine resources, among other phenomena, both Pakistani and Chinese marine ecosystems face severe challenges such as pollution, overfishing, and habitat destruction. In particular, the Pakistan-China Free Trade Agreement, which aims to boost economic growth, exacerbates these environmental issues due to the increased trade volume. The purpose of this article is to discuss the challenges of legal standards regulating marine environmental protection within the context of the Pakistan-China Free Trade Agreement. By examining the current state of the mentioned agreement as well as regional judicial practice, the current study demonstrates the need to adopt a number of legal measures, such as including specific teeth provisions within the Free Trade Agreement, establishing a special joint environmental commission, increasing public participation, and boosting national environmental law, in order to reduce the adverse effect on marine ecosystems and properly mitigate such effects with a view to achieving sustainability
Mandibular Reconstruction with Free Fibula Flap: Experience at Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar
Get PDFBackground: Mandibular defects may result from trauma, infections, cancer ablation or radiation necrosis. These defects may vary according to the content and nature of the tissues that require reconstruction. The objective of this study was to evaluate the outcome of vascularised free fibula flap for mandibular reconstruction in terms of flap success rate and complications.Material and Methods: This prospective clinical study was carried out at Department of Plastic Surgery, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar from January 2014 to December 2018. The study included patients of either gender who underwent mandibular reconstruction with free fibula oseteocutaneous flap during the study period. Diabetic patients with underlying vascular pathologies and cachectic patients were excluded from the study.Results: There were 56 patients with 38 males and 18 females. Their age ranged from 24-66 years with a mean age of 36 years. The mandibular defects resulted from various etiologies and included: Squamous cell carcinoma (n=27, 48.21%), Giant cell granuloma (n=3; 5.35%), Ameloblastoma (n=2; 3.57%), Road traffic accidents (n=10; 17.85%), Firearm injury (n=9; 16%), Bomb blast injury (n=3; 5.35%) and osteoradionecrosis (n=2; 3.57%). Primary reconstruction of the mandibular defects was performed in 44 patients, whereas delayed reconstruction was performed in 12 patients. Out of the 56 flaps, 49 flaps survived completely. Our share of complications was as follows: Wound infections (n=13; 23.21%), Skin graft loss at donor site (n=5; 8.95%), Complete flap loss (n=4; 7.14%), Orocutaneous fistulae (n=3; 5.35%), Ankle instability (n=2; 3.57%), Skin paddle necrosis (n=1; 1.78%) and sensory deficit distal to donor site (n=1; 1.78%).Conclusions: Microvascular free fibula is a reliable tool for mandibular reconstruction following tumor resection or trauma. The flap has a high success rate and relatively fewer complications
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