4,275 research outputs found
O COMÉRCIO BRASILEIRO DE CARNE SUÍNA E O POTENCIAL EXPORTADOR MEDIANTE ELIMINAÇÃO DE BARREIRAS EXTERNAS
Get PDFEste estudo analisa o panorama e o potencial exportador do setor brasileiro de carne suína frente à suposição de futuros acordos de liberalização multilateral ou por integração econômica entre o Brasil e determinados blocos/países. Para analisar o panorama e o potencial exportador do setor de carne suína, desenvolvem-se quatro generalizações metodológicas: o potencial importador dos blocos/países, o cálculo da evolução do Índice de Vantagem Revelada das Exportações do Brasil e de seus principais concorrentes no interior de cada bloco, pesquisa bibliográfica das principais barreiras existentes e cálculo do Índice de Orientação Regional. Os resultados, quanto ao potencial importador, indicam que a União Européia (UE) e a Comunidade dos Estados Independentes (CEI) constituem-se em mercado potencial e promissor para a carne suína, respectivamente. Os resultados do cálculo das vantagens comparativas revelaram que o Brasil tem competitividade crescente no setor de carne suína para o período 1990 a 2005. Quanto aos concorrentes no interior de cada bloco ou país, a União Européia é que apresentou o maior concorrente. Quanto às barreiras impostas, estas revelaram ser, de um modo geral, extremamente elevadas e, em alguns casos, impeditivas, com destaque para o NAFTA, Japão e UE. Portanto, o setor brasileiro de carne suína teria muito a ganhar caso fossem eliminadas tais barreiras. Enfim, na última relação, constata-se alto grau de aceitação das exportações brasileiras de carne suína àqueles blocos que não têm barreiras sanitárias impeditivas, com destaque para o CEI. Contudo, ao cruzar os resultados para o setor, observa-se que, a partir da efetivação de acordos de livre comércio inter-regionais ou multilaterais, com os blocos ou países em estudo, estes trarão ganhos potenciais efetivos para o setor brasileiro de carne suína. --------------------------------------------This study makes an analysis of the Brazilian pork sector panorama and its export potential forefront the supposition of future agreements of multilateral liberalization or by the economic integration between Brazil and certain blocks/Countries. To analyze the panorama and the export potential from the pork sector, four methodological generalizations were developed: the importing potential of those blocks/Countries, the calculation of the revealed advantage index evolution of Brazilian exportations and of its main competitors inside each block, bibliographical research of the main existing barriers and the Regional Orientation Index calculation. The results considering the importing potential indicate that the European Union (EU) and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) respectively constitute a potential and promising market to Brazilian pork sector. The results from the calculation of the comparative advantages demonstrated that Brazil has an increasing competitiveness in the pork sector in the period between 1990 and 2005. As far as the competitors inside each block or country, the European Union was the one that presented the major competitor. In relation to the imposed barriers, they demonstrated to be, in general, extremely high and, in some cases, impeditive with a highlight to NAFTA, Japan and EU. Therefore, the Brazilian pork sector has much to benefit if such barriers were eliminated. Finally, to the last relation, we can perceive a high level of acceptance to the exportations of the Brazilian pork market to those blocks that do not have impeditive sanitary barriers, with an especial emphasis to CIS. However, while tabling the results we can observe that, from the accomplishment of inter-regional and multilateral free trade agreements with the blocks or countries that were subject of this study, these will bring potential effective advantages to the Brazilian pork sector.comércio potencial, barreiras comerciais, carne suína, commerce potential, commercial barriers, pork, International Relations/Trade, Livestock Production/Industries,
Long-term visual and microperimetry outcomes following autologous retinal pigment epithelium choroid graft for neovascular age-related macular degeneration
Get PDFTo describe the 2- to 4-year visual and microperimetry outcomes of autologous retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-choroid graft in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD).In this retrospective cohort study, 12 patients with subfoveal neovascular AMD who had undergone autologous RPE-choroid graft between August 2004 and June 2005 were reviewed. Change in visual acuity (VA), contrast sensitivity (CS), fixation stability and retinal sensitivity on microperimetry after 2-3 years and the rates of late postoperative complications were examined.Patients were followed for 26-48 months (mean, 39). Median preoperative VA (logMAR) was 0.87 but declined to 1.43 (1 year), 1.46 (2 years) and 1.38 (3 years), P = 0.001. Median CS (logCS) was 0.75 preoperatively but declined to 0.45 at 2 years. Six patients had serial microperimetry. Fixation stability declined in 1 but improved in 2 patients. All 6 had decline in retinal sensitivity over the graft during follow up. Retinal detachment did not occur after 12 months but 8 developed epiretinal membrane, 12 had cystic retinal change over the graft and 4 developed recurrent choroidal neovascularization. However, 10 grafts retained autofluorescence signal at 18-48 months of follow up.Autologous RPE-choroid graft can maintain VA, stable fixation and retinal sensitivity in some patients for over 3 years. The spatial correlation between graft autofluorescence, outer retinal structures on optical coherence tomography and retinal sensitivity are consistent with photoreceptor cell rescue. However, we caution the use of this technique as there is high complication rate and delayed loss of retinal function
Metainferential Paraconsistency
Get PDFIn this article, our aim is to take a step towards a full understanding of the notion of paraconsistency in the context of metainferential logics. Following the work initiated by Barrio et al (2018), we will consider a metainferential logic to be paraconsistent whenever the metainferentialversion of Explosion (or meta-Explosion) is invalid. However, our contribution consists in modifying the definition of meta-Explosion by extending the standard framework and introducing a negation for inferences and metainferences. From this new perspective, Tarskian paraconsistent logics such asLP will not result to be metainferentially paraconsistent, in contrast to, for instance, non-transitive logics like ST. Finally, we will end up by defining a logic which is metainferentially paraconsistent in every level, and discussing whether this logic is uniform through translations.Fil: Da Re, Bruno. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Filosóficas. - Sociedad Argentina de Análisis Filosófico. Instituto de Investigaciones Filosóficas; ArgentinaFil: Rubin, Mariela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Filosóficas. - Sociedad Argentina de Análisis Filosófico. Instituto de Investigaciones Filosóficas; ArgentinaFil: Teijeiro, Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Filosóficas. - Sociedad Argentina de Análisis Filosófico. Instituto de Investigaciones Filosóficas; Argentin
Metainferential Paraconsistency
Get PDFIn this article, our aim is to take a step towards a full understanding of the notion of paraconsistency in the context of metainferential logics. Following the work initiated by Barrio et al. [2018], we will consider a metainferential logic to be paraconsistent whenever the metainferential version of Explosion (or meta-Explosion) is invalid. However, our contribution consists in modifying the definition of meta-Explosion by extending the standard framework and introducing a negation for inferences and metainferences. From this new perspective, Tarskian paraconsistent logics such as LP will not turn out to be metainferentially paraconsistent, in contrast to, for instance, non-transitive logics like ST. Finally, we will end up by defining a logic which is metainferentially paraconsistent at every level, and discussing whether this logic is uniform through translations
O comércio potencial brasileiro de carne bovina no contexto de integração regional
Get PDFThis study analyses the Brazilian beef exportation potential considering the supposition of future agreements of regional integration. The countries or blocks that were chosen are The European Union (EU), the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) countries, the Commonwealth of Independent States, the Popular Republic of China (PRC) and Japan. To analyze the meat sector exportation potential, four methodological generalizations are developed: the importing potential of the mentioned countries, the calculus of the evolution in the Revealed Advantage Index of Brazilian exportations and its main competitors, bibliographical research of the main existing trade barriers and the calculus of the Regional Orientation Index. The results concerning the importing potential indicate that the European Union (EU) consists of a very attractive market to Brazilian beef. The results of the calculus of comparative advantages reveal that Brazil has a higher competitivity in meat sector and it increasing in the period between 1990 and 2003. When considering the competitors inside each block or country, the European Union shows up as the major competitor. As far as the imposed trade barriers, these come out, in a general way, as extremely high and sometimes representing a blockage. Thus, the Brazilian meat sector would be largely improved if these barriers were eliminated. Finally, on the last relation, we can verify the high level of acceptance of Brazilian beef exportation to those blocks that do not have impeditive sanitary barriers. Nevertheless, when crossing the results obtained to the sector one can observe that from the accomplishment of inter-regional free trade agreements, via Mercosur or through bilateral agreements with the blocks or countries considered in this study, would bring real profits to the Brazilian meat sector.Potential trade, regional integration, beef., Agribusiness, F13, F15.,
The importance of early arthroscopy in athletes with painful cartilage lesions of the ankle: a prospective study of 61 consecutive cases
Get PDFBACKGROUND
Ankle sprains are common in sports and can sometimes result in a persistent pain condition.
PURPOSE
Primarily to evaluate clinical symptoms, signs, diagnostics and outcomes of surgery for symptomatic chondral injuries of the talo crural joint in athletes. Secondly, in applicable cases, to evaluate the accuracy of MRI in detecting these injuries. Type of study: Prospective consecutive series.
METHODS
Over around 4 years we studied 61 consecutive athletes with symptomatic chondral lesions to the talocrural joint causing persistent exertion ankle pain.
RESULTS
43% were professional full time athletes and 67% were semi-professional, elite or amateur athletes, main sports being soccer (49%) and rugby (14%). The main subjective complaint was exertion ankle pain (93%). Effusion (75%) and joint line tenderness on palpation (92%) were the most common clinical findings. The duration from injury to arthroscopy for 58/61 cases was 7 months (5.7–7.9). 3/61 cases were referred within 3 weeks from injury. There were in total 75 cartilage lesions. Of these, 52 were located on the Talus dome, 17 on the medial malleolus and 6 on the Tibia plafond. Of the Talus dome injuries 18 were anteromedial, 14 anterolateral, 9 posteromedial, 3 posterolateral and 8 affecting mid talus. 50% were grade 4 lesions, 13.3% grade 3, 16.7% grade 2 and 20% grade 1. MRI had been performed pre operatively in 26/61 (39%) and 59% of these had been interpreted as normal. Detection rate of cartilage lesions was only 19%, but subchondral oedema was present in 55%. At clinical follow up average 24 months after surgery (10–48 months), 73% were playing at pre-injury level. The average return to that level of sports after surgery was 16 weeks (3–32 weeks). However 43% still suffered minor symptoms.
CONCLUSION
Arthroscopy should be considered early when an athlete presents with exertion ankle pain, effusion and joint line tenderness on palpation after a previous sprain. Conventional MRI is not reliable for detecting isolated cartilage lesions, but the presence of subchondral oedema should raise such suspicion
O sistema de avaliação das redações dos vestibulares do Brasil como objeto de investigação da linguística aplicada
Get PDFEsta dissertação versará sobre o sistema de avaliação das universidades brasileiras referente à prova de redação, não considerando a avaliação conteudística, mas procurando entender, através dos documentos públicos divulgados nos sites e também por meio de questionário específico, como estas universidades pensam tal prova. A redação do vestibular é material de pesquisa desde a década de 30. Em 2010, confirma-se a impossibilidade de esgotar a temática que Maria Thereza Fraga Rocco já confirmava em 1981. As reflexões sobre o tema geral – redação do vestibular – levam a crer que ela demonstra a construção do saber do candidato e a forma de expressar esse conhecimento. Tais reflexões sobre a construção do saber têm como panorama um tempo de mudanças, incertezas e desordem enquadrado no vestibular e na sua avaliação. A questão geradora é saber como se constrói esse cenário. Esta pesquisa não traz textos de vestibulandos ou de alunos de ensino médio para serem exaustivamente discutidos, tampouco se pretende avaliar os critérios de avaliação das redações, neste momento, outro ponto de vista será aferido. O olhar deste estudo está voltado para as informações que as universidades brasileiras fornecem aos candidatos sobre a prova de redação, buscando traçar um quadro tão completo quanto possível do tratamento que estas dão à questão da avaliação da redação do vestibular como um todo. Partindo do pressuposto de que a redação demonstra a construção do saber do candidato, por meio da produção de conhecimento, busca-se entender o que a universidade pensa sobre a redação do vestibular e como a valoriza. De acordo com o que configuram os dados, há vários pontos de vista que podem ser vislumbrados dentro de uma mesma Instituição. A leitura destes dados não possui uma única verdade. Uma delas é que as universidades, de uma forma ou de outra, valorizam a prova de redação, o que elas valorizam é que muda significativamente.This dissertation addresses the evaluation system applied by Brazilian universities on essay exams. It primarily aims at understanding how the assessment information scenario available to applicants is constructed, i.e., the approach of this study is focused on the material provided to applicants by Brazilian universities regarding the essay exam, intending on painting the full picture of how universities handle the evaluation of essays from university entrance exams as a whole. On the assumption that the essay indicates the applicant’s knowledge construction process, through knowledge production, an effort is made at last to understand the thoughts universities have on essays proposed in university entrance exams and the value granted to them. Information was gathered from public documents published on websites and also through specific questionnaire. The analysis of this data showed more than a single result. One attitude observed is that the universities, in one way or another, value the essay exam, but the aspects valued change significantly. Moreover, there are many different criteria available to applicants, i.e., some institutions provide resources for a better exam preparation and others do not. This leads to the conclusion that both presence and absence of study material indicate to which degree Brazilian universities value the essay exam
Public experiences of mass casualty decontamination
Get PDFIn this article, we analyze feedback from simulated casualties who took part in field exercises involving mass decontamination, to gain an understanding of how responder communication can affect people’s experiences of and compliance with decontamination. We analyzed questionnaire data gathered from 402 volunteers using the framework approach, to provide an insight into the public’s experiences of decontamination and how these experiences are shaped by the actions of emergency responders. Factors that affected casualties’ experiences of the econtamination process included the need for greater practical information and better communication from responders, and the need for privacy. Results support previous findings from small-scale incidents that involved decontamination in showing that participants wanted better communication from responders during the process of decontamination, including more practical information, and that the failure of responders to communicate effectively with members of the public led to anxiety about the decontamination process. The similarity between the findings from the exercises described in this article and previous research into real
incidents involving decontamination suggests that field exercises provide a useful way to examine the effect of responder communication strategies on the public’s experiences of decontamination. Future exercises should examine in more detail the effect of various communication strategies on the public’s experiences of decontamination. This will facilitate the development of evidence-based communication strategies intended to reduce anxiety about decontamination and increase compliance among members of the public during real-life incidents that involve mass decontamination
O raciocínio lógico e a lógica do raciocínio na pesquisa arqueológica
Get PDFThe text uses logical reasoning and the logic of reasoning to establish the relation between the characterization of the research area and the techniques to be used, worked out in laboratories and offices, with the information collected in the field. For this, two small Hydroelectric Plants case studies, in the State of Goiás, are presented. Their field information had provided changes in some methodological procedures and, mainly, in the contextualization involving the cultural vestiges and the characteristics/dynamic of the areas. Some assumptions on the scientific methodology are brought into the discussion, emphasizing the necessity of the researcher knowing different research techniques and, amongst these that one that best fits the project aims.O texto utiliza-se do raciocínio lógico e da lógica do raciocínio para estabelecer a relação entre a caracterização da área de pesquisa e as técnicas a serem utilizadas, determinadas em gabinete e laboratório, com as informações obtidas em campo. Para tanto, são apresentados dois estudos de casos de Pequenas Centrais Hidrelétricas do estado de Goiás, em que as informações de campo proporcionaram alteração em alguns procedimentos metodológicos e, principalmente, na contextualização envolvendo os vestígios culturais e as características/dinâmica das áreas. Alguns pressupostos da metodologia científica são inseridos na discussão, destacando a necessidade de o pesquisador conhecer diferentes técnicas de investigação e, dentre estas, aquela que melhor se adapta aos objetivos do projeto
Archaeology, slope dynamics and soil loss
Get PDFThis paper evaluates points on archaeological sites and slope dynamics using knowledge of Geomorphology and Agricultural Sciences, as mass movements and soil loss. These considerations are based on field observations accomplished in researches developed at the Brazilian Central Plateau, especially in the last five years. We present cases where adoptions of geoarchaelogical practices are necessary for a better interpretation of the environmental context of the archaelogical sites, especially horizontal and vertical distribution of archaelogical evidences.O texto tem como objetivo tecer algumas considerações sobre sítios arqueológicos e dinâmica das vertentes utilizando-se de conhecimentos da Geomorfologia e da Agronomia, como movimentos de massa e perdas de solo. Estas considerações baseiam-se em observações de campo realizadas em pesquisas desenvolvidas no Planalto Central Brasileiro, especialmente nos últimos cinco anos. São apresentados alguns casos nos quais se faz necessária a adoção de práticas geoarqueológicas para uma melhor interpretação do contexto ambiental dos sítios arqueológicos, especialmente a distribuição horizontal e vertical dos vestígios arqueológicos
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