87 research outputs found
Youth building the future: The political economy of the adoption of a youth policy in Mexico
Get PDFThis thesis presents a single qualitative case study that examines the main material and ideational factors behind the adoption of the youth policy ‘Jóvenes Construyendo el Futuro‘ (JCF) (Youth Building the Future) in Mexico in 2019. The JCF is an eclectic, broad-based youth policy that combines elements of conditional cash transfer, work-based training and social inclusion that, by 2023, had supported more than 2.3 million young people ‘not in education, employment or training’ (NEET) aged 18 to 29. Historically, most youth policies in Mexico and Latin America have been small-scale ‘upskilling’ interventions. Therefore, most research typically focuses on implementation or labour, social, or economic impacts, overlooking the adoption phase. For these reasons, both because of its scale and its underlying rationale, the JCF appears as a paradigmatic policy.
This thesis employs a combined analytical approach of Cultural Political Economy (CPE) and the Policy Cycle Model (PCM). Methodologically, the study is built on the triangulation of interviews with key informants from the public, private, and social sectors and the analysis of a variety of primary and secondary policy documents. The data was analysed using iterative coding within Thematic Analysis (TA). The findings reveal how several intertwined material and ideational factors explain the adoption of this youth policy. A stern anti-neoliberal stance provided the framework for the leftist MORENA government that won the presidency in 2018 to reinterpret the problems that plagued millions of NEET youth as a direct consequence of the neoliberal development model (1980s - 2018) portrayed as the cause of high levels of poverty, informal employment and lack of opportunities. This problematisation led to the design of an intervention with elements of universality and lax conditionality for the target population, which is uncommon in social policies in Mexico. Despite inevitable disagreements with the private sector in defining the rules of the programme, the overwhelming electoral legitimacy and political-administrative leverage resulted in an expeditious adoption of the JCF.
This thesis contributes various conceptual, empirical, and theoretical insights to current debates on the relationship between development models and the type of welfare institutions that can support the construction of new social bases in contexts of high labour informality, among others, all this amidst significant political-ideological shifts
Influence of size reduction of fly ash particles by grinding on the chemical properties of geopolymers
Get PDFChemical properties of geopolymers were evaluated from the reduction of fly ash particle size by grinding. X-ray diffraction determined that at early curing ages new crystalline phases appear in the matrix of the geopolymer and they remain for 28 days, with increases in intensities up to 60%. In Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, displacements were identified in the main band of the geopolymers at higher wavenumbers, attributed to the greater rigidity in the structures of the aluminosilicate gel due to the increase of the reaction products in the geopolymers obtained through fly ashsubjected to previous grinding, which is observable in the geopolymers matrix. Results indicate that the reduction of fly ash particle size by grinding has an influence on the chemical properties of geopolymers.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version
Calidad asistencial de la psicología clínica en el Servicio Andaluz de Salud evaluada por los facultativos
Get PDFObjetivo: evaluación de la calidad asistencial de los servicios de psicología clínica en el Servicio Andaluz de Salud (SAS) desde la perspectiva de los/as facultativos/as. Método: investigación descriptiva; se elaboró un cuestionario de 39 ítems que evalúa diferentes dimensiones de la calidad asistencial (prevención, accesibilidad, idoneidad de intervenciones de evaluación y tratamiento, seguridad, y coordinación); han participado 83 facultativos/as especialistas de psicología clínica del SAS, lo que supone un 32’17% de la población de referencia en el momento de la recogida de datos.Resultados:la calidad asistencial actual de las prestaciones de psicología clínica en el SAS, partiendo de una ratio de 3,05 facultativos por cada100.000 habitantes, es deficiente, sobre todo en las variables de prevención, intensidad de las intervenciones de tratamiento y seguridad, y especialmente preocupante en los dispositivos del segundo nivel asistencial.Conclusiones: es urgente aumentar el número de profesionales especialistas en psicología clínica por cada 100.000 habitantes para reducir el riesgo que supone para los usuarios la deficiente intensidad con que se practican los tratamientos psicológicos; asimismo, es necesario establecer estándares de la carga de trabajo de los psicólogos clínicos para poder ofrecer una calidad asistencial adecuada, e integrar indicadores medibles de calidad en los sistemas de información de salud mental.Objective: Evaluation of healthcare quality of clinical psychology services in the Andalusian Health Service (SAS) from the perspective of the facultative.
Method: Descriptive research. For data collection, a 39-item questionnaire was developed that assesses various dimensions of quality (prevention, accessibility, suitability of evaluation and treatment interventions, safety, and care coordination). A sample of 83 clinical psychologists responded to the questionnaire, representing 32.17% of the reference population, 258 facultative who, at the time of data collection make up the SAS staff. Results: The current quality of care of clinical psychology services in the SAS, based on a ratio of 3.05 clinical psychologists per 100,000 inhabitants, is deficient, especially in the dimensions of prevention, intensity of treatment interventions, and safety, and worrisome in the 2nd level of care. Conclusions: It is urgent to increase the ratio of clinical psychologists/100,000 inhabitants to reduce the risk posed for users by the deficient intensity with which psychological treatments are currently practiced. It is necessary to esta-blish standards for the workload of clinical psychologists in order to offer an adequate quality of care, and to integrate measurable indicators of quality in mental health information systems
Análisis confirmatorio de la Escala de Autoevaluación Breve de Bienestar y Autonomía en Adultos Mayores de Coahuila y Yucatán, México
Get PDFEl objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar un Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio de la Escala de Bienestar y Autonomía específica para adultos mayores en dos muestras mexicanas, lo que permitió determinar la validez del constructo medido. Se utilizó un diseño cuantitativo, transversal con alcances explicativos. Se analizó una muestra incidental de 895 adultos mayores, de los cuales 59.8 % eran habitantes de la ciudad de Saltillo, Coahuila, México y 40.2 % de Tizimín, Yucatán, México. Se utilizó la Escala de Autoevaluación Breve de Bienestar y Autonomía para Adultos Mayores. Se procesó el Análisis Factorial Exploratorio, Paralelo y Confirmatorio con el método de Mínimos Cuadrados Generalizados, además de obtener la confiabilidad y los estadísticos descriptivos de las dimensiones. La estructura que se identificó presentó indicadores de ajuste estadístico adecuado. Originalmente, la estructura consideraba dos dimensiones: la autonomía y el bienestar, sin embargo, los resultados mostraron la separación en tres dimensiones de la medición de bienestar
Agentes y lazos sociales: la experiencia de volverse comunidad
Get PDFEn la colonia Lomas de Polanco, al sur de la ciudad de Guadalajara, México, entre 1970 y 1990 se generó un movimiento ciudadano, enraizado en las Comunidades Eclesiales de Base y la educación popular, que emprendió una lucha exitosa para conseguir los servicios de infraestructura urbana ante las promesas incumplidas de autoridades y fraccionadores.
La confluencia de actores, individuales y colectivos, de distintos contextos, contribuyeron a la reconstitución del tejido social y la creación de los lazos que dieron sentido de comunidad a los colonos y al desarrollo de su capacidad de agencia para la trasformación positiva de su entorno y de su vida.
Esta experiencia se recupera en esta obra, a partir de una serie de entrevistas con los actores del movimiento, mediante un análisis retrospectivo y desde varias perspectivas teóricas. Su estudio permite comprender mejor las dinámicas sociales acontecidas y posibilita su reproducción para enfrentar de manera organizada y con éxito problemas en contextos urbanos y sociales particulares.Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y TecnologíaGobierno del Estado de Jalisc
Eutrophication and metal pollution by mining waste in coastal wetlands of the Mar Menor: understanding biogeochemical processes with a view to introducing management strategies
Get PDF[SPA] En este capítulo se resumen los resultados de diversos experimentos realizados con suelos (afectados y no afectados por residuos de minería) y plantas procedentes de dos humedales de la costa del Mar Menor: la Marina del Carmolí y el saladar de Lo Poyo. Se estudiaron los mecanismos biogeoquímicos que determinan la capacidad de estos ambientes para actuar como filtros verdes frente a las aguas eutrofizadas cargadas en nitratos (NO3 –) y fosfatos (PO4 3–), valorando el efecto de las plantas y del encalado de los suelos sobre dicha capacidad. También se cuantificó la transformación de NO3 – en óxido nitroso (N2O), un gas de efecto invernadero, y se discutieron los efectos negativos que pueden tener estos ambientes como emisores de dicho gas, que contribuye al calentamiento global, frente a los positivos para depurar las aguas que vierten al Mar Menor. Por otro lado, se analizaron los mecanismos implicados en la movilidad de los metales pesados en el sistema suelo-agua-planta en zonas afectadas por residuos mineros y se evaluaron alternativas de manejo para reducir los riesgos asociados a dichos metales. Como síntesis de las lecciones aprendidas podemos decir que: a) el papel de los humedales costeros del Mar Menor para depurar las aguas cargadas de NO3 – se produce a costa de emitir altas concentraciones de N2O a la atmósfera a través de la desnitrificación y la de depurar PO4 3– a costa de almacenar fósforo en los suelos; b) en suelos inundados la contribución de la vegetación (en particular carrizo, Phragmites australis) a la eliminación de NO3 – está más relacionada con crear un ambiente favorable para la actividad de los microorganismos en el entorno de sus raíces que en absorber dichos NO3 –; c) en suelos en fase de secado la absorción de NO3 – por el carrizo gana en importancia, contribuyendo a reducir la concentración de NO3 –disponible para la formación y emisión de N2O a la atmósfera a través del proceso de desnitrificación; d) muchas zonas de los humedales estudiados presentan una elevada concentración de metales pesados en sus suelos debido a la presencia de residuos mineros, lo que supone un riesgo para el medio ambiente y la salud de las personas; e) la solubilidad y movilidad de los metales depende del metal, de la humedad del suelo y de la presencia/ausencia de plantas (así como de la especie de planta), por lo que las medidas de manejo que impliquen la adición de enmiendas y la implantación de vegetación deben ser planificadas para cada caso particular conociendo con todo detalle las condiciones biogeoquímicas que van a existir tras las actuaciones que se realicen. [ENG] This chapter summarizes the results of a number of experiments carried out with soils (affected and unaffected by mining waste) and plants collected from two wetlands of the Mar Menor lagoon: the Marina del Carmolí and the Lo Poyo salt marsh. The biogeochemical mechanisms responsible for the capacity of these wetlands to act as green filters against eutrophic water with a high nitrate (NO3 –) and phosphate (PO4 3–) content were studied. The effect of plants and liming on this capacity were also evaluated. In an experiment, the transformation of NO3 – into N2O (a greenhouse gas) by denitrification was evaluated, and the negative consequences of N2O for global warming were discussed in relation with the positive effect of these wetlands in purifying eutrophic water that reaches the Mar Menor. The mechanisms influencing the solubility and mobility of heavy metals in the soil-water-plant system were also studied, and some proposals were suggested for the management of wetlands polluted by mine wastes. The lessons learned can be summed up as: a) the role of coastal wetlands of the Mar Menor in purifying eutrophic water with high NO3 – content implies high N2O emissions to the atmosphere, whilst their role in purifying PO4
3– implies that their soils act as phosphorus sinks; b) in flooded soils, the main role of plants (mainly Phragmites australis, common reed) in reducing NO3 – concentrations in eutrophic water is to promote microbial activity in the rhizosphere, which favours denitrification, the absorption of NO3 – by plants playing a secondary role; c) when soils are drying, however, the role of NO3 – absorption by Phragmites becomes more significant, this absorption reducing the NO3 available for N2O formation and emission via denitrification; d) extensive zones of the wetlands are affected by extremely high heavy metal concentrations in soil due to the presence of mining waste, which poses a risk for the environment and human health; e) the solubility and mobility of metals are specific for each metal and are influenced by soil moisture levels and the presence of different plant species; hence, the implementation of management strategies that imply the use of remedial actions and replanting must be planned on a case-by-case basis and only after a detailed analysis of the resulting biogeochemical conditions has been carried out
Eutrophication and metal pollution by mining waste in coastal wetlands of the Mar Menor: understanding biogeochemical processes with a view to introducing management strategies
Get PDF[SPA] En este capítulo se resumen los resultados de diversos experimentos realizados con suelos (afectados y no afectados por residuos de minería) y plantas procedentes de dos humedales de la costa del Mar Menor: la Marina del Carmolí y el saladar de Lo Poyo. Se estudiaron los mecanismos biogeoquímicos que determinan la capacidad de estos ambientes para actuar como filtros verdes frente a las aguas eutrofizadas cargadas en nitratos (NO3 –) y fosfatos (PO4 3–), valorando el efecto de las plantas y del encalado de los suelos sobre dicha capacidad. También se cuantificó la transformación de NO3 – en óxido nitroso (N2O), un gas de efecto invernadero, y se discutieron los efectos negativos que pueden tener estos ambientes como emisores de dicho gas, que contribuye al calentamiento global, frente a los positivos para depurar las aguas que vierten al Mar Menor. Por otro lado, se analizaron los mecanismos implicados en la movilidad de los metales pesados en el sistema suelo-agua-planta en zonas afectadas por residuos mineros y se evaluaron alternativas de manejo para reducir los riesgos asociados a dichos metales. Como síntesis de las lecciones aprendidas podemos decir que: a) el papel de los humedales costeros del Mar Menor para depurar las aguas cargadas de NO3 – se produce a costa de emitir altas concentraciones de N2O a la atmósfera a través de la desnitrificación y la de depurar PO4 3– a costa de almacenar fósforo en los suelos; b) en suelos inundados la contribución de la vegetación (en particular carrizo, Phragmites australis) a la eliminación de NO3 – está más relacionada con crear un ambiente favorable para la actividad de los microorganismos en el entorno de sus raíces que en absorber dichos NO3 –; c) en suelos en fase de secado la absorción de NO3 – por el carrizo gana en importancia, contribuyendo a reducir la concentración de NO3 –disponible para la formación y emisión de N2O a la atmósfera a través del proceso de desnitrificación; d) muchas zonas de los humedales estudiados presentan una elevada concentración de metales pesados en sus suelos debido a la presencia de residuos mineros, lo que supone un riesgo para el medio ambiente y la salud de las personas; e) la solubilidad y movilidad de los metales depende del metal, de la humedad del suelo y de la presencia/ausencia de plantas (así como de la especie de planta), por lo que las medidas de manejo que impliquen la adición de enmiendas y la implantación de vegetación deben ser planificadas para cada caso particular conociendo con todo detalle las condiciones biogeoquímicas que van a existir tras las actuaciones que se realicen. [ENG] This chapter summarizes the results of a number of experiments carried out with soils (affected and unaffected by mining waste) and plants collected from two wetlands of the Mar Menor lagoon: the Marina del Carmolí and the Lo Poyo salt marsh. The biogeochemical mechanisms responsible for the capacity of these wetlands to act as green filters against eutrophic water with a high nitrate (NO3 –) and phosphate (PO4 3–) content were studied. The effect of plants and liming on this capacity were also evaluated. In an experiment, the transformation of NO3 – into N2O (a greenhouse gas) by denitrification was evaluated, and the negative consequences of N2O for global warming were discussed in relation with the positive effect of these wetlands in purifying eutrophic water that reaches the Mar Menor. The mechanisms influencing the solubility and mobility of heavy metals in the soil-water-plant system were also studied, and some proposals were suggested for the management of wetlands polluted by mine wastes. The lessons learned can be summed up as: a) the role of coastal wetlands of the Mar Menor in purifying eutrophic water with high NO3 – content implies high N2O emissions to the atmosphere, whilst their role in purifying PO4
3– implies that their soils act as phosphorus sinks; b) in flooded soils, the main role of plants (mainly Phragmites australis, common reed) in reducing NO3 – concentrations in eutrophic water is to promote microbial activity in the rhizosphere, which favours denitrification, the absorption of NO3 – by plants playing a secondary role; c) when soils are drying, however, the role of NO3 – absorption by Phragmites becomes more significant, this absorption reducing the NO3 available for N2O formation and emission via denitrification; d) extensive zones of the wetlands are affected by extremely high heavy metal concentrations in soil due to the presence of mining waste, which poses a risk for the environment and human health; e) the solubility and mobility of metals are specific for each metal and are influenced by soil moisture levels and the presence of different plant species; hence, the implementation of management strategies that imply the use of remedial actions and replanting must be planned on a case-by-case basis and only after a detailed analysis of the resulting biogeochemical conditions has been carried out
Synergistic Antimicrobial Effects of Silver/Transition-metal Combinatorial Treatments
Get PDFDue to the emergence of multi-drug resistant strains, development of novel antibiotics has become
a critical issue. One promising approach is the use of transition metals, since they exhibit rapid and
significant toxicity, at low concentrations, in prokaryotic cells. Nevertheless, one main drawback of
transition metals is their toxicity in eukaryotic cells. Here, we show that the barriers to use them as
therapeutic agents could be mitigated by combining them with silver. We demonstrate that synergism
of combinatorial treatments (Silver/transition metals, including Zn, Co, Cd, Ni, and Cu) increases up
to 8-fold their antimicrobial effect, when compared to their individual effects, against E. coli and B.
subtilis. We find that most combinatorial treatments exhibit synergistic antimicrobial effects at low/
non-toxic concentrations to human keratinocyte cells, blast and melanoma rat cell lines. Moreover, we
show that silver/(Cu, Ni, and Zn) increase prokaryotic cell permeability at sub-inhibitory concentrations,
demonstrating this to be a possible mechanism of the synergistic behavior. Together, these results
suggest that these combinatorial treatments will play an important role in the future development of
antimicrobial agents and treatments against infections. In specific, the cytotoxicity experiments show
that the combinations have great potential in the treatment of topical infections
Comportamiento sexual relacionado con redes sociales en los adolescentes
Get PDFAdolescence is the period of growth between the ages of 10 and 19, where decision-making regarding their sexuality is of paramount importance because of the risks they face and by the influence of social networks. For this reason, the relationship between sexual behavior and social networks of adolescents aged 12 to 19 years in the Escuela Secundaria y de Bachilleres Oficial Diurna De Orizaba in the period February-July 2022 was determined. The research methodology is quantitative, non-experimental, prospective, cross-sectional and correlational, with a non-probabilistic class sample consisting of 154 students between 15 and 19 years old. The instrument "Addictive use of the internet and its relationship with sexual behavior in adolescents" with Cronbach's alpha index 0.876 was used. The results indicate a high level of risky sexual behavior of 38.3%. It was concluded that there is no relationship between sexual behavior and the use of social networksLa adolescencia es el período de crecimiento entre los 10 y 19 años, donde la toma de decisiones con respecto a su sexualidad es de suma importancia debido a los riesgos a los que se enfrentan y por la influencia de las redes sociales. Por esta razón se determinó indagar la relación que existe entre el comportamiento sexual y las redes sociales de los adolescentes de 12 a 19 años en la Escuela Secundaria y de Bachilleres Oficial Diurna De Orizaba en el periodo febrero-julio 2022. La metodología de la investigación fue cuantitativa, no experimental, prospectiva, transversal y correlacional, con una muestra de clase no probabilística constituida por 154 estudiantes de entre 15 a 19 años. Se utilizó el instrumento “Uso adictivo del internet y su relación con la conducta sexual en adolescentes” con índice de alfa de Cronbach 0.876. Los resultados señalan un alto nivel de comportamiento sexual de riesgo del 38.3%. Se concluyó que no existe relación entre el comportamiento sexual y el uso de las redes sociales
The Fourteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment
Get PDFThe fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) has been in
operation since July 2014. This paper describes the second data release from
this phase, and the fourteenth from SDSS overall (making this, Data Release
Fourteen or DR14). This release makes public data taken by SDSS-IV in its first
two years of operation (July 2014-2016). Like all previous SDSS releases, DR14
is cumulative, including the most recent reductions and calibrations of all
data taken by SDSS since the first phase began operations in 2000. New in DR14
is the first public release of data from the extended Baryon Oscillation
Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS); the first data from the second phase of the
Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-2),
including stellar parameter estimates from an innovative data driven machine
learning algorithm known as "The Cannon"; and almost twice as many data cubes
from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) survey as were in the previous
release (N = 2812 in total). This paper describes the location and format of
the publicly available data from SDSS-IV surveys. We provide references to the
important technical papers describing how these data have been taken (both
targeting and observation details) and processed for scientific use. The SDSS
website (www.sdss.org) has been updated for this release, and provides links to
data downloads, as well as tutorials and examples of data use. SDSS-IV is
planning to continue to collect astronomical data until 2020, and will be
followed by SDSS-V.Comment: SDSS-IV collaboration alphabetical author data release paper. DR14
happened on 31st July 2017. 19 pages, 5 figures. Accepted by ApJS on 28th Nov
2017 (this is the "post-print" and "post-proofs" version; minor corrections
only from v1, and most of errors found in proofs corrected
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