802 research outputs found
Living and working in space
Get PDFA brief overview is presented of the space station concept. Living conditions in space, space station design, and space logistics are briefly examined
New word learning in people with aphasia
Get PDFBackground: The theory of speech and language therapy intervention for people with aphasia is still under‐articulated, and some people with aphasia respond better to therapy than others. The reasons for individual variation in response to therapy have not yet been fully established but may partially reflect a person with aphasia's ability to utilise a range of cerebral mechanisms, such as re‐accessing damaged neural pathways and establishing new ones. Most current therapies aim to help the person with aphasia access their previously available language abilities. New learning may offer an alternative therapy approach. However, there is little evidence to date on the effect of aphasia on a person's capability to learn new linguistic information. Aim: To explore the new vocabulary learning potential of people with aphasia. Methods & Procedures: Twelve participants, under the age of 65 years and with a range of aphasia severity and personal backgrounds, were taught 20 novel words over four consecutive days. Their learning of this new vocabulary was measured via a range of single‐word processing tasks based on the cognitive neuropsychological model. Ten participants repeated the tasks a few days later to establish whether the new vocabulary had been retained in long‐term memory. Outcomes & Results: All of the participants demonstrated some ability to learn the new vocabulary (both novel word forms and novel word meanings), with scores ranging from 15% to 99% on the various assessments. At the follow‐up session, the ten participants retained between 49% and 83% of their previous scores. Conclusions: This study has important implications for aphasia rehabilitation as it has shown that people with aphasia have the potential to learn new linguistic material, even in the presence of severe language impairments. This capacity could be exploited in therapy. Previously known words could be taught as new. Pre‐therapy assessment of the person with aphasia's learning capacity and style would promote individually‐tailored learning experiences and so, potentially, more effective therapy and better clinical outcomes
Human Tissue Kallikreins in Polymorphous Adenocarcinoma: A Polymerase Chain Reaction and Immunohistochemical Study
Get PDFPolymorphous adenocarcinoma (PAC) is the second most common malignant salivary gland tumour of minor salivary glands. Human tissue kallikreins (KLKs) are a family of highly conserved serine proteases expressed by various tissues and organs. The literature demonstrates a link between KLKs and salivary gland neoplasms. The purpose of this study was to determine levels of KLK mRNA in tissue samples of PAC and to determine if KLK expression is limited to tumour cells. Nineteen cases of PAC were reviewed (1987–2013). The diagnosis was confirmed, demographic data was collected, and formalin fixed paraffin-embedded PAC and normal salivary gland tissue samples were obtained. RNA isolation was achieved, followed by conversion to complementary DNA via reverse transcription. Using PCR, the quantitative level of expression of KLKs1–15 was recorded. Samples exhibiting high and low KLK expression were selected for immunohistochemistry staining. Results revealed a statistically significant increase in mean KLK mRNA expression for KLK1, KLK4, KLK10, KLK12 and KLK15 in PAC tissue samples, compared with normal salivary gland tissue (Mann–Whitney U test, p \u3c 0.05). Immunohistochemistry results demonstrated that KLKs were present in tumor cells. Notably, all samples demonstrating relatively higher KLK mRNA expression showed equivalent or increased staining scores relative to the low KLK mRNA expression samples. In conclusion, there appears to be aberrant kallikrein expression in polymorphous adenocarcinoma, suggesting the possibility of a kallikrein cascade influence on tumor development and progression
Self-association of Rifamycin B: Possible Effects on Molecular Recognition
Get PDFThe macrocyclic antibiotic rifamycin B was found to be highly surface-active and to aggregate in aqueous solution. The aggregational behavior was studied using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). Aqueous solutions of rifamycin B showed pronounced scattering at both small-length scales (Q ≥ 0.1 Å-1) and at large-length scales (Q ≤ 0.1 Å-1). The larger association colloids appear to be rather open low-density aggregates. The addition of 10% 2-propanol greatly reduces the number and size of the aggregates. Somewhat higher amounts of alcohol appear to completely suppress or eliminate aggregation. The suppression of aggregation coincides with the appearance and enhancement of enantioselective association between rifamycin B and a variety of chiral amino alcohols. It appears that the self-aggregation of rifamycin B may be a factor that controls its ability to differentiate between enantiomers in aqueous and hydro-organic solutions. © 1999 American Chemical Society
Tapinarof in the treatment of psoriasis: A review of the unique mechanism of action of a novel therapeutic AhR modulating agent (TAMA)
Get PDFTapinarof, a novel, first-in-class small-molecule topical therapeutic aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) modulating agent (TAMA), is in clinical development for the treatment of psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. The efficacy of tapinarof in psoriasis is attributed to its specific binding and activation of AhR, a ligand-dependent transcription factor, leading to the downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-17, and regulation of skin barrier protein expression to promote skin barrier normalization. AhR signaling regulates gene expression in immune cells and skin cells, and has critical roles in the regulation of skin homeostasis. Tapinarof-mediated AhR signaling underlies the mechanistic basis for the significant efficacy and acceptable tolerability observed in early phase clinical trials of tapinarof cream in the treatment of psoriasis
Folliculitis with tapinarof, when it occurs, is generally mild, self-limiting, and rarely interferes with therapy
Get PDFExploring How U.S. Dental Schools Teach Removal of Carious Tissues During Cavity Preparations
Full text linkPeer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/153710/1/jddj002203372017811tb06241x.pd
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