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Dysfunctional tetraspanin 7 (TSP-7) in Caenorhabditis elegans promotes; increases in average life- & health-span, stress-induced survival and motility
Get PDF© 2025 The Author(s). FEBS Open Bio published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Federation of European Biochemical Societies.Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) tetraspanin-7 (TSP-7) protein is an orthologue of the Human tetraspanin CD63, which has recently been shown to be a negative regulator of autophagy. In this study a mutant strain of wild-type (WT) C. elegans (tm5761) with a 352 bp deletion in the tsp-7 gene, was studied. A polyclonal antibody was raised to a peptide sequence present only in the wild-type strain (N2). This antibody cross-reacted with the protein of the correct molecular weight (MW) in the WT lysate, but not in the tm5761, confirming the absence of a functional TSP-7 in this strain. From life-span studies, the tm5761 strain had a higher average survival age of 23.3 ± 0.6, compared to 20.1 ± 0.8 days for WT, although the absolute life-span was not statistically different. This indicates that the mutant tm5761 strain has an increased physiological health-span. Survival studies undertaken at 37 °C, showed a decrease in survival levels, with complete death of the WT occurring after 3 h of exposure, whereas the tm5761 strain was more robust (i.e. 25% survival after 3 h). Sub-lethal osmotic stress caused by increased sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations was investigated by observing stress-related motility, such as frequency of coiling and reversing. These results showed that the tm5761 strain was more motile at higher concentrations of NaCl than the WT. These findings suggest that, like CD63, TSP-7 could be acting as a negative regulator of autophagy; therefore, the tm5761 strain likely has increased basal autophagy. This would explain its; increased, mean life- and health-span, motility under stress, and improved thermotolerance.Funding was provided by University of Chester, UK
Integrating human and wildlife dynamics in co‐occurrence modelling
Get PDF© 2025 The Author(s). Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.In shared environments, where different species interact depending on overlapping resources, complex interspecific interactions emerge, with human activities impacting these dynamics and influencing wildlife abundance and distribution. In the Alps, the presence of multiple species of ungulates, such as roe deer and red deer, and a predator, the wolf, creates a web of spatial and behavioral interactions in an area where farming, hunting and tourism have persisted over time, with tourism recently experiencing a substantial growth. Accounting for these multiple interactions, we modelled the co‐occurrence probabilities of roe deer, red deer and wolves in an area of the Maritime Alps using data derived from 60 camera traps. We applied multi‐species occupancy models to investigate (i) the role of species co‐occurrences in explaining the occupancy of model species across the landscape, (ii) the role of human presence and activities on species occupancy and (iii) the potential effect of the hunting season on the species detection probabilities. Among the identified species, roe deer reported the highest frequency of recorded events and were the most widespread species. We provided important evidence of interspecific dependence, revealing that pairwise interactions among species had a greater impact than only considering individual environmental effects. We documented that the setting of cameras on trails increased the likelihood of detecting wolves but decreased the likelihood of detecting ungulates. Most importantly, the hunting season significantly reduced the likelihood of capturing roe deer, while having no effect on either red deer or wolves. Our results confirmed the relevance of including prey, predators, and human dynamics as a whole. Since the sharing of habitat makes human activities significantly important in defining predator–prey mechanisms, our insights are particularly relevant for defining solutions to optimize human‐wildlife coexistence, especially in a highly anthropogenic system such as Europe.Funding for this project was provided by LIFE WolfAlps EU (LIFE18 NAT/IT/000972-Action C3) and the University of Turin, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology
Designing a Community Ecosystem to Address Food Insecurity and Well-Being Among Elderly South Asian Adults: A Service Evaluation Framework Approach
No full textLevels of poverty and deprivation and the demand for food aid has increased significantly as a result of the joint effects of ongoing austerity measures (O’Loughlin et al., 2024), welfare reforms (DWP, 2015), pension credit cuts (Slocombe, 2023), the COVID-19 pandemic (Oncini, 2021; Summers et al., 2021) and the ongoing cost-of-living crisis (Moraes et al., 2024; Bull et al.,2023). Moreover, a significant correlation exists between these economic/social drivers and health inequalities (Garthwaite et al., 2015), with many predicting a public health emergency (Wolfson and Leung, 2020). Despite recording significantly higher levels of poverty, poor health and housing in comparison to white ethnic groups, older individuals from ethnic minorities are under-represented as recipients of food aid. Thus, there are many knowledge gaps in our understanding of food services provided to older people within older ethnic minority communities (Power et al., 2017). In response to this empirical gap, this research draws on service ecosystem evaluation frameworks (see Baron et al., 2018) to empirically advance our understanding of community food service provisioning within South Asian communities as well as identify appropriate food support ecosystem approaches which can be used to address food insecurity in ethnic minority communities. Through the use of in-depth interviews carried out by researchers belonging to Bangladeshi and Pakistani communities, our findings reveal that systems adressing food insecurity and well-being issues within older ethnic minorities are inadequate, especially considering specific cultural, social and economic shortfalls in the provision of appropriate services. Consequently, we conclude by providing recommendations to food service providers within ethnic minority communities.N/
Does measuring social attention lead to changes in behavior? A preliminary investigation into the implications of attention bias trials on behavior in Rhesus Macaques
Get PDF© 2025 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.A welfare assessment tool in development must satisfy several criteria before it is considered ready for general use. Some tools that meet many of these criteria have been criticized for their negative effect on welfare. We conducted a preliminary assessment of the impact of attention bias (AB) trials using threat-neutral conspecific face pairs followed by presumed neutral-positive filler stimuli on the behavior of 21 rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta; 15 female). Behavioral observations were conducted following AB trials and repeated two weeks later when no AB trials had occurred (no trial: NT). The association between observation period and behavior was assessed using linear mixed-effects models in R. Trials did not impact any observed behavior except for fear, which was displayed by five monkeys over six trials (four NT). For this sample, there was a significant reduction in fear behavior following AB trials. We, therefore, found no evidence suggesting that AB trials negatively affect behaviour. AB protocols may be suitable for continued development for primate welfare assessment and we encourage researchers to include assessing test impact on welfare in their AB protocols.ERI Howarth was supported by an LJMU PhD studentship. CL Witham and the Centre for Macaques are funded by the Medical Research Council
Suicide in prison: The potentials and pitfalls of film-research collaborations
No full textThis document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a published work that appeared in final form in [Incarceration]. To access the final edited and published work see http://dx.doi.org/[doi journal link].Prisoner suicide rates are consistently higher than rates among communities outside prisons. Between 2012 and 2016, England and Wales’s prison suicide rates more than doubled, hitting record numbers in 2016. Often those most invested in prison safety are those personally impacted, and campaigns by prisoners’ families can have material effects on imprisonment. This article critically reflects on a collaboration between an academic research team (who authored this article), a bereaved mother and a theatre company, which aimed to raise awareness of prison suicide through verbatim film. Drawing upon interviews with the filmmakers and audience surveys, we examine the potentials and challenges of such collaborations. We conclude that film can engage audiences within and beyond social science, making complex subjects accessible, humanising marginalised people and potentially inspiring social change, but a sustained ethic of care is required to mitigate harms and manage expectations, which may involve difficult decisions for researchers.UKRI MR/T019085/
Early Years Science Education: A Contemporary Look
Get PDFThis is an Accepted Manuscript of a book chapter published by Routledge in [Early Years Science Education: A Contemporary Look] on [29/08/2018], available online: https://www.routledge.com/Early-Years-Science-Education-A-Contemporary-Look/Watts-Silby/p/book/9780367586751The acquisition of everyday scientific concepts by 3–6-year-old children attending early childhood institutions has been widely studied. In contrast, research on science learning processes among younger children is less extensive. This paper reports on findings from an exploratory empirical study undertaken in a ‘stay and play’ service used by parents with children aged 0–3 and located within an East London early childhood centre. The research team collaborated with practitioners to deliver a programme of activities aimed at encouraging parents’ confidence in their own ability to support emergent scientific thinking among their young children. The programme generated children’s engagement and interest. Parents and practitioners reported increased confidence in their ability to promote young children’s natural curiosity at home and in early childhood provision. The authors see no reason for positing qualitative differences between the way children acquire scientific and other concepts in their earliest years.UnfundedAuthor originally uploaded VoR -embargoed for 200 years. AAM sourced and uploaded to CR and VoR removed 26/02/202
FTO rs17817449 variant increases the risk of severe obesity in a Brazilian cohort: A case-control study
Get PDF© 2025 The Author(s). This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited.PURPOSE: Obesity is a complex disease caused by a combination of genetic, environmental, and epigenetic factors, and is associated with an increased risk of chronic diseases. The leptin-melanocortin pathway integrates peripheral signals about the body's energy stores with a central neuronal circuit in the hypothalamus. This pathway has been extensively studied over the years, as genetic variations in genes related to it may play a crucial role in determining an individual's susceptibility to obesity. Therefore, we analyzed the association between obesity and specific polymorphisms in leptin-melanocortin-related genes such as LEPR rs1137101, POMC rs1042571, LEP rs7799039, BDNF rs6265, FTO rs17817449, CART rs121909065, and NPY rs16147/rs5574.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study enrolled 501 participants from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with obesity class II or greater (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2) and normal weight controls (18.5≤ BMI ≤24.9 kg/m2). We collected demographic, body composition, biochemical, and genotyping data by real-time PCR, and performed logistic and linear regression analyses to investigate the association of polymorphisms with severe obesity status and obesity-related quantitative parameters.
RESULTS: Individuals with severe obesity had significantly higher anthropometric measures, blood pressure, and biochemical levels. The FTO rs17817449 TT genotype was associated with a significantly higher risk of developing severe obesity, and distinct cytokine expression was observed across the FTO rs17817449 genotypes. The BDNF rs6265 dominant-model and NPY rs16147 CC genotypes were associated with triglyceride levels and childhood obesity, respectively. Finally, individuals with obesity were more likely to carry a greater number of risk alleles than those without obesity.
CONCLUSION: Our study observed an important association between FTO rs17817449 polymorphism with obesity and obesity-related traits. Additionally, BDNF rs6265 dominant-model was associated with triglyceride serum levels, and NPY rs16147 may have a role in obesity onset.This work was supported by the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz, Brazil) and Carlos Chagas Filho Foundation for Research Support in the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) [GRANT: E-26/210.663/2021 and E-26/202.291/2019]
LinkedIn as a research participant recruitment tool: reflections from the football industry
Get PDFThis author accepted manuscript is deposited under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC) licence. This means that anyone may distribute, adapt, and build upon the work for non-commercial purposes, subject to full attribution. If you wish to use this manuscript for commercial purposes, please contact [email protected]: The article explores the process of using LinkedIn to recruit hard-to-reach groups, reflecting on our experience of the football industry. We propose LinkedIn as a viable option to mitigate recruitment challenges, particularly in employment-focussed research.
DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: We examine how LinkedIn was used to recruit 43 football backroom staff for a sociological research study. It outlines the process of using LinkedIn to contact participants, the ethical considerations made throughout the research process and reflects on why LinkedIn was effective for a primarily employment-focussed study.
FINDINGS: We discuss the importance of insider knowledge for identifying LinkedIn as a potentially fruitful recruitment tool and how the functionality of the platform can be beneficial for a targeted recruitment method. We also explore the ethical and practical considerations of using social media for recruitment.
ORIGINALITY/VALUE: Previous research discusses social media as if they are indistinguishable and interchangeable with one another and we argue that this neglects the importance of a platform’s functionality. We discuss how the decision to use a particular social media platform to recruit should be grounded in the researcher’s familiarity with the site, the functionality the platform offers and the sample recruited. This article explicitly explores the considerations taken when using LinkedIn to help overcome recruitment challenges.Unfunde
'Why do we have to learn this?’ A physics educator’s response to every teacher’s least favourite question
No full textThis is a blog post.In his years as a physics teacher, students often asked Mark Whalley why they had to learn the subject when most of them would never directly use it in their careers. Having never been satisfied with the answers he gave, he sets out the case for learning physics, even for students who don't pursue the subject further.N/
Assessing risk factors for drug storage practices in veterinary surgeries: A questionnaire study of UK veterinary professionals.
Get PDFFrom Europe PMC via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: epub 2025-01-31, ppub 2025-06-01Publication status: PublishedBackgroundSafe drug storage practices are essential in veterinary practice to maintain optimal standards of animal care. Practical challenges in clinic may impact their uptake, which could affect drug efficacy and the success of treatment. The UK is presumed to provide high standards for animal care and welfare in the veterinary profession and may provide an interesting case study to assess veterinary drug storage practices.MethodsAn online survey with 184 practice participants assessed UK veterinary professionals' responses on drug storage practices. This included socio-demographic information and questions or statements that examined storage practices compliant with the requirements established by the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons (RCVS), the regulatory body for veterinary practice in the UK.ResultsOverall, practices followed RCVS-recommended measures, though there was clear selectivity for stock temperature checks (72.2%), over other measures, particularly, replacing stock (54.4%) and returning medications to refrigerated storage (52.5%). Clinical experience and practice type impacted most on drug storage practices, with more experienced clinicians and small animal practices showing greater uptake of best measures.ConclusionsWe suggest that practices should adopt all of the RCVS measures in relation to veterinary drug storage practices. Socio-demographic factors should be considered because they can act as risk factors influencing best practice in clinics. Our findings may have wider implications for the veterinary profession in general, given similar demographic trends in veterinary practice in many European countries
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